![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() In the face of this challenge across several fronts, anticommunists represented a broad church involving a whole array of positions from left to right across the political spectrum. The Bolsheviks soon set about marshaling the two principal weapons at their disposal: firstly, the material resources of the Russian land-mass, soon to be extended with the creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1923 secondly, the universal ideology of Marxism-Leninism, which was to be projected and promoted throughout the world via newly organized communist parties and allied organizations in civil society. The Bolshevik Revolution of November 1917 heralded the prospect of the first communist state and with it a direct challenge to the established international political order. ![]()
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